Pipe Fittings are Piping component that helps in Changes the direction of the flow such as elbows, tees. Changes the size of the pipe such as reducers, reducing tees. Connect different components such as couplings and stop the flows such as Caps.

There are different types of pipe fitting used in piping. Pipe Fittings used in piping work are mainly Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Union, Coupling, Cross, Cap, Swage Nipple, Plug, Bush, Expansion Joint, Adapters, Olet (Weldolet, Sockolet, Elbowlet, Thredolet, Nipolet, Letrolet, Swepolet), Steam Traps, Long Radius Bend, Flanges and Valve.

Only seamless pipes are used to produce wrought fittings. Large diameter welded fittings are manufactured from the plate. These Fittings are available in different type of end connections.

Pipe Elbow

The Elbow is used more than any other pipe fittings. It Provides flexibility to change the pipe direction. Elbow mainly available in two standard types 90 degrees and 45 degrees. However, it Can be cut to any other degree.

Pipe Bend

Long radius pipeline bends are used in fluid transportation line which required pigging. Due to their long radius and smooth change of direction, pipe bend has very less pressure drop, and smooth flow of fluid & pig is possible. 3D and 5D Pipe bends are commonly available. Here, D is the pipe size.

Miter Bend

Miter bends are not standard pipe fittings they are fabricated from pipes. Usually, they are preferred for size 10” & above because large size elbow is expensive. Use of miter bend is restricted to the low-pressure water line. Miter bend can be fabricated in 2, 3, & 5 pieces.

Returns – 180 Degree Elbow

Returning elbows are used to make a 180o change in direction. Available in short & long pattern. Returns are used in the heating coil, heat exchanger, tank vent etc.

Pipe Tee

Pipe tee is used for distributing or collecting the fluid from the run pipe. It is a short piece of pipe with a 90-degree branch at center. There are two types of Tee used in piping, Equal / Straight Tee and Reducing / Unequal Tee.

Cross

Cross is also known as four-way pipe fitting. A cross has one inlet and three outlets (or vice versa). Generally, crosses are not used in process piping to transport fluid. But forged crosses are common in the fire water sprinkler line.

Pipe Reducers

A pipe reducer changes the size of the pipe. There are two types of reducer used in piping Concentric & Eccentric.

Swage Reducer

The swage is like reducers but small in size and used to connect pipes to smaller screwed or socket welded pipes. Like reducers, they are also available in concentric & eccentric type. Swages are available in different end types. Such as both plain ends or one plain and one threaded end.

Pipe Caps

The cap covers the end of a pipe. Pipe caps are used at the dead end of the piping system. It is also used in piping headers for future connections.

Stub Ends

Stub ends are used with lap joint flange. In this type of flange, the stub is butt welded to the pipe, whereas flange is freely moved over the stub end. It is basically flange part but covered under ASME B16.9 that is why it is considered as pipe fittings.

Piping Union

Unions are used as an alternative to flanges connection in low-pressure small bore piping where dismantling of the pipe is required more often. Unions can be threaded end or socket weld ends. There are three pieces in a union, a nut, a female end, and a male end. When the female and male ends are joined, the nuts provide the necessary pressure to seal the joint.

Pipe Coupling

There are three types of coupling available: Full Coupling, Half Coupling, Reducing Coupling.

Pipe Nipple

Nipple is a short stub of pipe which has a male pipe thread at each end or at one end. It used for connecting two other fittings. Nipples are used for connecting pipe, hoses, and valves. Pipe nipples are used in low-pressure piping.

Socket weld and Threaded Pipe Fittings

Socket weld and Threaded Pipe Fittings are forged product and classified based on its pressure-temperature rating. Socket weld & Threaded end fittings are available from NPS 1/8" to 4".